Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: XCL1 siRNA treatment abolished anti-apoptotic effect of human Wharton's jelly-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC). (a) Before coculturing with serum-starved C2C12 cells, WJ-MSCs were separately pretreated with two siRNAs of human XCL1 containing different sequences for 24 hours. Each siRNA-treated WJ-MSC was cocultured with serum-deprived C2C12 cells for 12 hours. Human-recombinant XCL1 was added to cocultured C2C12 cells with siRNA-treated WJ-MSC to monitor gain of function of XCL1. C2C12 cell images were taken at each condition. (b) Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot using anti-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) antibody. Cleaved PARP fragments were monitored by densitometric analysis (*P < 0.05, n = 3). (c) Secreted XCL1 concentration in each conditioned media was measured by XCL1 ELISA kit (*P < 0.05, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Recombinant, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Induction of human XCL1 reduces apoptosis of the skeletal muscles in the zebrafish myopathy model. Twenty hours post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos (a–d) and 36 hpf embryos were observed (e–h). (a,e) The apoptotic cells of control and adssl1 morphants or human XCL1-induced adssl1 morphants were detected by TUNEL assay, and the whole-mounted embryos were observed by fluorescent microscopy. (b,f) The boxed region of the embryos was photographed using confocal microscopy. (c,g) The representative confocal images show that the number of dead cells in adssl1 morphants was more than in control morphants, and induction of human XCL1 inhibited the increase of cell death in adssl1 morphants. (d,h) The cell death in the selected area (within five somites in the trunk) was quantified and presented in the scattered chart. A, anterior; P, posterior. a,e, bar = 100 µm; b,c,f,g, bar = 50 µm. d,h, Student's t-test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Muscles, Control, TUNEL Assay, Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of XCL1 as a paracrine factor of Wharton's jelly-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) during coculture. Secreted proteins in the media collected from the experiments were measured using the RayBio Biotin Label-based Human Antibody. (a,b) Increased fold of spot intensity of XCL1, IL-3 R, and smad5 in cocultured cells as compared to WJ-MSC alone. (c) The conditioned media was collected from C2C12, WJ-MSC alone, and cocultured cells. Concentration of secreted XCL1 in each conditioned media was measured by XCL1 ELISA kit (*P < 0.05, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recombinant XCL1 protein inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis of C2C12 cells. C2C12 cell was serum-deprived during culture both in the absence or presence of recombinant XCL1 proteins (1, 10, and 20 ng/ml) for 12 hours. (a) Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analysis of cells stained with annexin V/7-AAD. (b) Percentage of apoptotic cells by FACS analysis (*P < 0.05, n = 3). (c) Harvested cells were analyzed by Western blot analysis with anti-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) antibody. (d) PARP cleaved bands were analyzed by densitometry (*P < 0.05, n = 3). (e) Serum-deprived C2C12 cells were treated with recombinant XCL1 (8 ng/ml) in a time-dependent manner. (f) PARP cleavage was monitored by Western blot analysis (*P < 0.05, n = 3). (g) Serum-deprived C2C12 cells were treated with either PAN caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK) or XCL1 protein in a dose-dependent manner for 24 hours. (h) Apoptotic cells were analyzed by Western blot with anti-PARP antibody. (*P < 0.05, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Recombinant, Fluorescence, FACS, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absence of anti-apoptotic effect of XCL1 in other types of cells. The HT22, mouse hippocampal neuron cells were treated with amyloid-β42 (1 μmol/l for 48 hours) or MG132 (5 μmol/l for 24 hours) in the absence or presence of XCL1. (a) Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analysis of cells stained with annexin V/7-AAD. (b) Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-cleaved bands were analyzed by densitometry. S16 rat Schwann cells were treated with thapsigargin (0.1 μmol/l for 12 hours) in the absence or presence of XCL1. The thapsigargin (0.1 μmol/l for 12 hours) treated S16 cells were analyzed by (c) FACS analysis and (d) Western blot analysis with anti-PARP antibody.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Fluorescence, FACS, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: XCL1 treatment inhibited lovastatin-induced apoptosis of C2C12 cells and reduction of myotube formation. (a) C2C12 cells were treated with lovastatin (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 μmol/l) in a dose-dependent manner in the absence or presence of XCL1 and protein lysates were analyzed by Western blot analysis using anti-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) antibody. (b) Cleaved PARP fragments were monitored by densitometric analysis (*P < 0.05, n = 3). (c) The 7-day differentiated myotubes from C2C12 cells were treated with lovastatin (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μmol/l) in the absence or presence of XCL1. Each arrow indicates defects in the myotubes. (d,e) Protein extracts of myotubes were analyzed by Western blot analysis using anti-myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibody. Bands of MHC were monitored by densitometric analysis (*P < 0.05, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Molecular Therapy

Article Title: Anti-apoptotic Effects of Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells Mediated via Secretion of XCL1

doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.125

Figure Lengend Snippet: The rescue of defective skeletal muscles by human XCL1 in the zebrafish model. (a) The boxed region indicates the observed area to determine the effect of human XCL1 on skeletal muscles in zebrafish at 36 hpf. Myosepta and muscle fibers were stained with anti-Laminin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibodies, respectively. (b) The whole-mounted embryos after double staining with anti-Laminin and MHC antibodies were observed by confocal microscopy. The adssl1 morphants (phosphate-buffered saline injected embryos) showed disrupted muscle fibers and myosepta, whereas the morphants injected with human XCL1 showed recovery of muscle defects. (c) The zebrafish embryos demonstrating skeletal muscle phenotype were counted and quantified data were presented graphically. The data indicates that human XCL1 restores muscle abnormality of adssl1 morphants in a dose-dependent manner. A, anterior; P, posterior. Scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 myoblasts (1 × 10 5 cells/well of a six-well plate) were treated with or without human recombinant XCL1 (0–5 nmol/l) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for indicated time periods in serum-free medium.

Techniques: Muscles, Staining, Double Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Saline, Injection

Journal: Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

Article Title: Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and network formation of endothelial progenitor cells.

doi: 10.1291/hypres.27.101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Effect of Ang II on VEGF-induced EPC prolifera- tion. (A) EPCs were pretreated with Ang II (100 nmol/l) or vehicle for 12 h. The cells were then treated with recombi- nant VEGF (20 ng/ml) or vehicle for 24 h. Uptake of 1,1′- dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labelled acethylated LDL (DiLDL) and lectin binding of adherent cells were assayed by fluorescence microscopy. Double-posi- tive cells appear in the overlay. Representative images are shown. (B) EPCs were pretreated with Ang II at 1, 10, or 100nmol/l or vehicle for 12 h. The cells were then treated with recombinant VEGF (20 ng/ml) or vehicle for 24 h. Indi- vidual adherent cells that were positive for both lectin and DiLDL were counted. Data are the mean±SEM (n＝6). ＊p<0.01 compared with the control value. ＊＊p<0.01 com- pared with the value by VEGF alone.

Article Snippet: EPCs were harvested after 7 days of culture, replated in 4-well glass plates coated with fibronectin and gelatin, and cultured with EBM-2 supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 16 h. Then, EPCs were pretreated with Ang II (Sigma) at 1, 10, or 100 nmol/l or with vehicle for 12 h before the addition of 20 ng/ml recombinant VEGF (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Microscopy, Recombinant, Control

Journal: Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

Article Title: Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and network formation of endothelial progenitor cells.

doi: 10.1291/hypres.27.101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Dose-dependent augmentation of VEGF-induced EPC mitogenic activity by Ang II. EPCs were stimulated with 20 ng/ml VEGF in the presence or absence of pretreat- ment with the indicated concentrations of Ang II for 12 h. In addition, to characterize the Ang II receptor subtype that is responsible for the mitogenic activity, EPCs were pretreated with the AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan for 15 min before Ang II stimulation. After 24 h, cell mitogenic activity was detected as described in the Methods. Data are the mean± SEM (n＝6). ＊p<0.01 compared with the value by VEGF alone. ＊＊p<0.01 compared with the value by VEGF＋Ang II (100 nmol/l).

Article Snippet: EPCs were harvested after 7 days of culture, replated in 4-well glass plates coated with fibronectin and gelatin, and cultured with EBM-2 supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 16 h. Then, EPCs were pretreated with Ang II (Sigma) at 1, 10, or 100 nmol/l or with vehicle for 12 h before the addition of 20 ng/ml recombinant VEGF (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

Article Title: Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and network formation of endothelial progenitor cells.

doi: 10.1291/hypres.27.101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Effect of VEGF-induced HUVECs and EPCs network formation. Both HUVECs and EPCs were stimulated with 20ng/ml VEGF for 24 h in the presence or absence of pretreatment with Ang II for 12 h. Then, both HUVECs (A) and fluores- cent-labeled EPCs (B) were seeded in growth factor-reduced Matrigel to induce network formation as described in the Meth- ods. Representative images are shown.

Article Snippet: EPCs were harvested after 7 days of culture, replated in 4-well glass plates coated with fibronectin and gelatin, and cultured with EBM-2 supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 16 h. Then, EPCs were pretreated with Ang II (Sigma) at 1, 10, or 100 nmol/l or with vehicle for 12 h before the addition of 20 ng/ml recombinant VEGF (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, USA).

Techniques: Labeling